Cellular Senescence & Mitochondrial Peptides

Two quite different research traditions sit in this category. The first is the Russian bioregulator programme begun by Vladimir Khavinson in the 1970s, which produced short synthetic peptides — Epithalon is a tetrapeptide, Pinealon a tripeptide — proposed to act on gene expression rather than on a receptor. The second is mitochondrial biology, and it is much newer: MOTS-c was reported in 2015 as a peptide encoded not in the nucleus but within mitochondrial DNA itself, which was a genuinely surprising finding about where the genome keeps its instructions. SS-31 (elamipretide) belongs to a separate lineage again, designed to associate with cardiolipin in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NAD+ is not a peptide at all but a coenzyme, included because the sirtuin and redox literature it belongs to overlaps heavily with the rest. All preclinical.

3 compounds · For Research Use Only. Not for Human Consumption.